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Diseases / Medical Conditions

<a class="edS-cl" href="https://www.ranker.com/list/list-of-common-diseases-most-common-illnesses/diseases-and-medications-info?ref=internalCrossLinking_keyword">List of diseases</a> treated by radiation therapy, including any illnesses and diseases cured by radiation therapy. This list of sicknesses, medical conditions, and chronic or non-chronic diseases treated with radiation therapy is in alphabetical order, and you can click any ailment to read more about it. If you feel like you have a serious medical ailment you should contact a doctor immediately. These ailments that can be cured with radiation therapy range from serious conditions to more minor illnesses. List items range from Cervical cancer to Lung cancer.If you are wondering, "How is radiation therapy used?" or "Which diseases can be treated by radiation therapy?" then this list will answer your questions.

How Is Radiation Therapy Used? | Diseases Treated by Radiation Therapy

Diseases Treated By Radiation Therapy

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Acromegaly

Acromegaly is a syndrome that results when the anterior pituitary gland produces excess growth hormone after epiphyseal plate closure at puberty. A number of disorders may increase the pituitary's GH output, although most commonly it involves a tumor called pituitary adenoma, derived from a distinct type of cell.
Acromegaly most commonly affects adults in middle age, and can result in severe disfigurement, complicating conditions, and premature death if unchecked. Because of its pathogenesis and slow progression, the disease is hard to diagnose in the early stages and is frequently missed for years until changes in external features, especially of the face, become noticeable.
Acromegaly is often associated with gigantism.

Acute lymphoblastic leukemia

Acute lymphoblastic leukemia, also known as acute lymphocytic leukemia or acute lymphoid leukemia, is an acute form of leukemia, or cancer of the white blood cells, characterized by the overproduction and accumulation of cancerous, immature white blood cells—known as lymphoblasts. In persons with ALL, lymphoblasts are overproduced in the bone marrow and continuously multiply, causing damage and death by inhibiting the production of normal cells—such as red and white blood cells and platelets—in the bone marrow and by spreading to other organs. ALL is most common in childhood with a peak incidence at 2–5 years of age, and another peak in old age.
The symptoms of ALL are indicative of a reduced production of functional blood cells, because the leukemia wastes the resources of the bone marrow, which are normally used to produce new, functioning blood cells. These symptoms can include fever, increased risk of infection, increased tendency to bleed and signs indicative of anemia including pallor, tachycardia, fatigue and headache.

Adenoid cystic carcinoma

A malignant tumor arising from the epithelial cells.  Microscopically, the neoplastic epithelial cells form cylindrical spatial configurations (cribriform or classic type of adenoid cystic carcinoma), cordlike structures (tubular type of adenoid cystic carcinoma), or solid structures (basaloid variant of adenoid cystic carcinoma).  Adenoid cystic carcinomas mostly occur in the salivary glands.  Other primary sites of involvement include the lacrimal gland, the larynx, and the lungs.  Adenoid cystic carcinomas spread along nerve sheaths, resulting in severe pain, and they tend to recur.  Lymph node metastases are unusual; hematogenous tumor spread is characteristic.

Anaplastic thyroid cancer

Anaplastic thyroid cancer is a form of thyroid cancer which has a very poor prognosis due to its aggressive behavior and resistance to cancer treatments.

Bladder cancer

Bladder carcinoma is a carcinoma arising from the bladder epithelium.  Approximately 90% of the bladder carcinomas are transitional cell carcinomas.  The remainder are squamous cell carcinomas, adenocarcinomas and small cell neuroendocrine carcinomas.

Bone metastasis

Bone metastases, or metastatic bone disease, is a class of cancer metastases that results from primary tumor invasion to bone. Bone-originating cancers like osteosarcoma, chondrosarcoma, and Ewing's sarcoma are rare. And, unlike hematological malignancies that originate in the blood and form non-solid tumors, bone metastases generally arise from epithelial tumors and form a solid mass inside the bone. Bone metastases cause severe pain, characterized by a dull, constant ache with periodic spikes of incident pain.

Brain tumor

A brain tumor or intracranial neoplasm occurs when abnormal cells form within the brain. There are two main types of tumors: malignant or cancerous tumors and benign tumors. Cancerous tumors can be divided into primary tumors that started within the brain and those that spread from somewhere else known as brain metastasis tumors. This article deals mainly with tumors that start within the brain. All types of brain tumors may produce symptoms that vary depending on the part of the brain involved. These may include headaches, seizures, problem with vision, vomiting, and mental changes.The headache is classically worst in the morning and goes away with vomiting. More specific problems may include difficulty in walking, speaking and with sensation. As the disease progresses unconsciousness may occur.
The cause of most cases is unknown. Risk factors that may occasionally be involved include a number of inherited conditions known as neurofibromatosis as well as exposure to the industrial chemical vinyl chloride, the Epstein-Barr virus, and ionizing radiation. While concern has been raised about mobile phone use the evidence is not clear.

Breast cancer

Breast cancer is cancer that develops from breast tissue. Signs of breast cancer may include a lump in the breast, a change in breast shape, dimpling of the skin, fluid coming from the nipple, or a red scaly patch of skin. In those with distant spread of the disease, there may be bone pain, swollen lymph nodes, shortness of breath, or yellow skin.
Risk factors for developing breast cancer include: female sex, obesity, lack of physical exercise, drinking alcohol, hormone replacement therapy during menopause, ionizing radiation, early age at first menstruation, having children late or not at all, and older age. About 5–10% of cases are due to genes inherited from a person's parents, including BRCA1 and BRCA2 among others. Breast cancer most commonly develops in cells from the lining of milk ducts and the lobules that supply the ducts with milk. Cancers developing from the ducts are known as ductal carcinomas, while those developing from lobules are known as lobular carcinomas. In addition, there are more than 18 other sub-types of breast cancer. Some cancers develop from pre-invasive lesions such as ductal carcinoma in situ.

Cancer

Malignant Neoplasm is a tumor composed of atypical neoplastic, often pleomorphic cells that invade other tissues. Malignant neoplasms often metastasize to distant anatomic sites and may recur after excision. The most common malignant neoplasms are carcinomas (adenocarcinomas or squamous cell carcinomas), Hodgkin and non-Hodgkin lymphomas, leukemias, melanomas, and sarcomas.

Cervical cancer

Cervical cancer is a cancer arising from the cervix. It is due to the abnormal growth of cells that have the ability to invade or spread to other parts of the body. Early on there are typically no symptoms. Later symptoms may include abnormal vaginal bleeding, pelvic pain or pain during sexual intercourse. Bleeding after sex may be not serious; however, may also be due to cervical cancer.
Human papillomavirus infection appears to be involved in the development of more than 90% of cases; most people who have had HPV infections, however, do not develop cervical cancer. Other risk factors include: smoking, a weak immune system, birth control pills, starting sex at a young age and having many sexual partners, but these are less important. Cervical cancer typically develops from precancerous changes over 10 to 20 years. There are a few types of cervical cancer. About 90% are squamous cell carcinomas, 10% are adenocarcinoma and a small number are other types. Diagnosis is typically by cervical screening followed by a biopsy. Medical imaging is then done to determine whether or not the cancer has spread.

Colorectal cancer

A cancer arising from the epithelial cells that line the lumen of the colon.

Cushing's syndrome

Cushing's syndrome, also known as hypercortisolism, Itsenko-Cushing syndrome, and hyperadrenocorticism, is a collection of signs and symptoms due to prolonged exposure to cortisol. Signs and symptoms may include: high blood pressure, abdominal obesity but with thin arms and legs, reddish stretch marks, a round red face, a fat lump between the shoulders, weak muscles, weak bones, acne, and fragile skin that heals poorly. Women may have more hair and irregular menstruation. Occasionally there may be changes in mood, headaches, and a chronic feeling of tiredness.
Cushing's syndrome is caused by either excessive cortisol-like medication such as prednisone or a tumor that either produces, or results in the production of excessive cortisol by the adrenal glands. Cases due to a pituitary adenoma are known as Cushing's disease. It is the second most common cause of Cushing's syndrome after medication. A number of other tumors may also cause Cushing's. Some of these are associated with inherited disorders such as multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 and Carney complex. Diagnosis requires a number of steps. First step is checking the medications a person takes.

Endometrial cancer

Endometrial cancer is a cancer that arises from the endometrium. It is the result of the abnormal growth of cells that have the ability to invade or spread to other parts of the body. The first sign is most often vaginal bleeding not associated with a menstrual period. Other symptoms include pain with urination or sexual intercourse, or pelvic pain. Endometrial cancer occurs most commonly after menopause.
Approximately 40% of cases are related to obesity. Endometrial cancer is also associated with excessive estrogen exposure, high blood pressure and diabetes. Whereas taking estrogen alone increases the risk of endometrial cancer, taking both estrogen and progesterone in combination, as in most birth control pills, decreases the risk. Between two and five percent of cases are related to genes inherited from the parents. Endometrial cancer is sometimes loosely referred to as "uterine cancer", although it is distinct from other forms of uterine cancer such as cervical cancer, uterine sarcoma, and trophoblastic disease. The most frequent type of endometrial cancer is endometrioid carcinoma, which accounts for more than 80% of cases.

Esophageal cancer

A malignant epithelial tumor arising from the esophageal mucosa.  Two major histologic types of esophageal carcinoma have been described: squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma.  This type of cancer is associated with excessive ethanol and cigarette usage.  --2002

Follicular thyroid cancer

Follicular thyroid cancer accounts for 15% of thyroid cancer and occurs more commonly in women over 50 years of age. Thyroglobulin can be used as a tumor marker for well-differentiated follicular thyroid cancer. Follicular cells are the thyroid cells responsible for the production and secretion of thyroid hormones.

Head and neck cancer

Head and neck cancer is a cancer that starts in the lip, oral cavity, nasal cavity, paranasal sinuses, pharynx, and larynx.
Most head and neck cancers are biologically similar. 90% of head and neck cancers are squamous cell carcinomas, so they are called head and neck squamous cell carcinomas. These cancers commonly originate from the mucosal lining of these regions. Head and neck cancers often spread to the lymph nodes of the neck, and this is often the first sign of the disease at the time of diagnosis.
Head and neck cancer is strongly associated with certain environmental and lifestyle risk factors, including tobacco smoking, alcohol consumption, UV light, particular chemicals used in certain workplaces, and certain strains of viruses, such as human papillomavirus. These cancers are frequently aggressive in their biologic behavior; patients with these types of cancer are at a higher risk of developing another cancer in the head and neck area. Head and neck cancer is highly curable if detected early, usually through surgery, but radiation therapy may also play an important role, while chemotherapy is often ineffective.

Hodgkin's lymphoma

Hodgkin lymphoma, also known as Hodgkin's lymphoma or Hodgkin's disease, is a type of lymphoma, in which cancer originates from white blood cells called lymphocytes.
A history of infectious mononucleosis due to infection by Epstein–Barr virus may increase risk of HL, but the precise contribution of Epstein–Barr virus remains largely unknown. Hodgkin lymphoma is characterized by the orderly spread of disease from one lymph node group to another and by the development of systemic symptoms with advanced disease. When Hodgkins cells are examined microscopically, multinucleated Reed–Sternberg cells are the characteristic histopathologic finding.
Hodgkin lymphoma may be treated with radiation therapy, chemotherapy, or hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, with the choice of treatment depending on the age and sex of the patient and the stage, bulk, and histological subtype of the disease. The overall five-year survival rate in the United States for 2004–2010 is 85%. There have been many cases of individuals living >40 years after diagnosis. However, few studies follow people as long as 25 years, and those studies are of older treatments with more life-threatening adverse effects.

Kaposi's sarcoma

Kaposi's sarcoma is a tumor caused by infection with human herpesvirus 8, also known as Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus or KS agent. It was originally described by Moritz Kaposi, a Hungarian dermatologist practicing at the University of Vienna in 1872. It became more widely known as one of the AIDS-defining illnesses in the 1980s. The viral cause for this cancer was discovered in 1994. Although KS is now well-established to be caused by a viral infection, there is widespread lack of awareness of this even among persons at risk for KSHV/HHV-8 infection.
Kaposi’s sarcoma is a systemic disease that can present with cutaneous lesions with or without internal involvement. Four subtypes have been described: Classic KS, affecting middle aged men of Mediterranean descent; African endemic KS; KS in iatrogenically immunosuppressed patients; and AIDS-related KS. The erythematous to violaceous cutaneous lesions seen in KS have several morphologies: macular, patch, plaque, nodular, and exophytic. The cutaneous lesions can be solitary, localized or disseminated. KS can involve the oral cavity, lymph nodes, and viscera.

Kidney cancer

A carcinoma arising from the epithelium of the renal parenchyma (renal cell carcinoma) or the renal pelvis (renal pelvis carcinoma).  The vast majority of renal cell carcinomas are adenocarcinomas.  The vast majority of renal pelvis carcinomas are transitional cell carcinomas.  Renal carcinomas usually affect middle aged and elderly adults.  Hematuria, abdominal pain, and a palpable mass are common symptoms. -- 2004

Leukemia

Leukemia or leukaemia is a group of cancers that usually begins in the bone marrow and results in high numbers of abnormal white blood cells. These white blood cells are not fully developed and are called blasts or leukemia cells. Symptoms may include bleeding and bruising problems, feeling very tired, fever and an increased risk of infections. These symptoms occur due to a lack of normal blood cells. Diagnosis is typically by blood tests or bone marrow biopsy.
The exact cause of leukemia is unknown. Different kinds of leukemia are believed to have different causes. Both inherited and environmental factors are believed to be involved. Risk factors include smoking, ionizing radiation, some chemicals, prior chemotherapy, and Down syndrome. People with a family history of leukemia are also at higher risk. There are four main types of leukemia: acute lymphoblastic leukemia, acute myeloid leukemia, chronic lymphocytic leukemia and chronic myeloid leukemia, as well as a number of less common types. Leukemias and lymphomas both belong to a broader group of tumors which affect the blood, bone marrow, and lymphoid system, known as tumors of the hematopoietic and lymphoid tissues.

Liver tumour

Liver tumors or hepatic tumors are tumors or growths on or in the liver. Several distinct types of tumors can develop in the liver because the liver is made up of various cell types. These growths can be benign or malignant. They may be discovered on medical imaging, or may be present in patients as an abdominal mass, hepatomegaly, abdominal pain, jaundice, or some other liver dysfunction.

Lung cancer

Lung cancer, also known as carcinoma of the lung or pulmonary carcinoma, is a malignant lung tumor characterized by uncontrolled cell growth in tissues of the lung.
If left untreated, this growth can spread beyond the lung by process of metastasis into nearby tissue or other parts of the body. Most cancers that start in the lung, known as primary lung cancers, are carcinomas that derive from epithelial cells. The main primary types are small-cell lung carcinoma and non-small-cell lung carcinoma. The most common symptoms are coughing, weight loss, shortness of breath, and chest pains.
The vast majority of cases of lung cancer are due to long-term exposure to tobacco smoke. About 10–15% of cases occur in people who have never smoked. These cases are often caused by a combination of genetic factors and exposure to radon gas, asbestos, or other forms of air pollution, including second-hand smoke. Lung cancer may be seen on chest radiographs and computed tomography scans. The diagnosis is confirmed by biopsy which is usually performed by bronchoscopy or CT-guidance.

Medullary thyroid cancer

Medullary thyroid cancer is a form of thyroid carcinoma which originates from the parafollicular cells, which produce the hormone calcitonin. Medullary tumors are the third most common of all thyroid cancers. They make up about 3% of all thyroid cancer cases.
Approximately 25% of medullary thyroid cancer is genetic in nature, caused by a mutation in the RET proto-oncogene. This form is classified as familial MTC. When MTC occurs by itself it is termed sporadic MTC. When it coexists with tumors of the parathyroid gland and medullary component of the adrenal glands it is called multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2.
It was first characterized in 1959.

Melanoma

Melanoma is a type of skin cancer which forms from melanocytes.
In women, the most common site is the legs, and melanomas in men are most common on the back. It is particularly common among Caucasians, especially northern Europeans and northwestern Europeans, living in sunny climates. There are higher rates in Oceania, North America, Europe, Southern Africa, and Latin America. This geographic pattern reflects the primary cause, ultraviolet light exposure in conjunction with the amount of skin pigmentation in the population. Melanocytes produce the dark pigment, melanin, which is responsible for the color of skin. These cells predominantly occur in skin, but are also found in other parts of the body, including the bowel and the eye. Melanoma can originate in any part of the body that contains melanocytes.
The treatment includes surgical removal of the tumor. If melanoma is found early, while it is still small and thin, and if it is completely removed, then the chance of cure is high. The likelihood that the melanoma will come back or spread depends on how deeply it has gone into the layers of the skin.

Multiple myeloma

Multiple myeloma, also known as plasma cell myeloma, myelomatosis, or Kahler's disease, is a cancer of plasma cells, a type of white blood cell normally responsible for producing antibodies. In multiple myeloma, collections of abnormal plasma cells accumulate in the bone marrow, where they interfere with the production of normal blood cells. Most cases of multiple myeloma also feature the production of a paraprotein—an abnormal antibody which can cause kidney problems. Bone lesions and hypercalcemia are also often encountered.
Multiple myeloma is diagnosed with blood tests, bone marrow examination, urine protein electrophoresis, and X-rays of commonly involved bones.
Multiple myeloma is considered to be incurable but treatable. Remissions may be induced with steroids, chemotherapy, proteasome inhibitors, immunomodulatory drugs such as thalidomide or lenalidomide, and stem cell transplants. Radiation therapy is sometimes used to reduce pain from bone lesions.
Multiple myeloma develops in 6.1 per 100,000 people per year. It is more common in men and, for unknown reasons, is twice as common in African-Americans as it is in European-Americans.

List of diseases treated by radiation therapy, including any illnesses and diseases cured by radiation therapy. This list of sicknesses, medical conditions, ...

Fraternities

&quot;The True Gentleman.&quot; That is the creed of Sigma Alpha Epsilon, and its members have memorized it since the fraternity's establishment at the University of Alabama in 1856. The organization's history is a storied one: it is the only national social fraternity existing today that was founded in the Antebellum South. Perhaps that long-running legacy is what inspired these stars to pledge SAE.&nbsp;Some celebrities in SAE are musicians while other famous Sigma Alpha Epsilons are professional athletes. Even a few famous politicians are members of SAE.Who will you find on this list of famous SAEs? Saturday Night Live&nbsp;funnyman David Spade joined the fraternity while attending Arizona State University. Fred Savage joined Sigma Alpha Epsilon at Stanford University, and Sam Elliot was a member during his time at Cal State Los Angeles.&nbsp;Beau Bridges and his father, Lloyd Bridges, are also SAE brothers. And not all of these famous people are performers –&nbsp;President William McKinley also pledged the purple and gold while attending Mount Union College.Do you have a favorite Sigma Alpha Epsilon celebrity? Take a look at this list and get in on the conversation in the comments section.