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Elizabeth Hurley

Here is the list of the most beautiful celebrity women from Great Britain, including actresses, singers, <a class="edS-cl" href="https://www.ranker.com/crowdranked-list/the-worst-people-in-the-history-of-reality-tv?ref=internalCrossLinking_keyword">reality tv personalities</a>, models and more. The Ranker Community has ranked their favorite English, Scottish, Welsh, and Irish ladies, and this Ultimate List brings together all the rankings plus your votes to determine who is the prettiest British girl in the world. Though nearly all of the women on the list first garnered male attention in the UK, most of them have also gone on to international celebrity based both on their gorgeous good looks and, in some cases, impressive talent.

Kate Beckinsale was primarily known in her native London for period dramas and romantic comedies until her later movies&nbsp;rocketed her to international fame. (She&#39;s probably most closely identified with the vampire Seline in the Underworld&nbsp;series.) Many women on the list as well worked initially as models (including Elizabeth Hurley and Transformers: Dark of the Moon&nbsp;actress Rosie Huntington-Whiteley) before moving into an acting career in the United States.

The list also includes a number of prominent so-called &quot;Page Three Girls,&quot; who have appeared without any clothes&nbsp;in one of the UK&#39;s many tabloid newspapers, giving the phrase &quot;hot off the press&quot; a whole new meaning. Recent notable Page Three Girls who have found an audience for their talents outside of Great Britain include Keeley Hazell, Lucy Pinder and Jodie Marsh.

British

This list of fabulous and famous British lesbians and gays is directory of awesome LGBT Brits. These notable British homosexuals are either from the United Kingdom or claim UK citizenship. These UK born actors, comedians, and celebrities are notable for various reasons, whether they were or are homosexual entertainers, singers, inventors or even composers. Famous British gay people include author and comedian Stephen Fry and English lesbian actress Saffron Burrows. You can sort this list by column, including name, birth year, and birthplace. You can also use this list of notable gay Brits to start your own people list. Looking for more lists about homosexuals? Check out Ranker's list of notable <a href="http://www.ranker.com/list/gay-authors-list-of-famous-lgbt-writers/kron34">gay writers</a> and famous <a href="http://www.ranker.com/list/famous-homosexuals-from-scotland/famous-gay-and-lesbian">gay Scots</a>.

Chain Restaurants

Harvester

List of restaurant chains from the UK. Famous restaurant chains from throughout the United Kingdom have been included. Restaurant chains offer a familiarity through their decor and menu throughout all of their locations. As such, they tend to be most popular in areas where one would find travelers or tourists. This list focuses primarily on sit-down restaurants. That said, a few fast food restaurant chains have been included. What are the best restaurant chains in the UK? Today, nearly every cuisine imaginable has a restaurant chain attached to it.

Combat Sports

Get in the ring with a list of the most popular, renowned, and famous boxers from England. This list includes the most notable boxers from England, along with photos when available. This list of English boxers is alphabetical, making it an easy-to-use factual resource on British boxers. The list helpfully answers the questions, &quot;Which famous boxers are from England?&quot; and &quot;Who are the most <a class="edS-cl" href="https://www.ranker.com/list/famous-boxers-from-united-kingdom/reference?ref=internalCrossLinking_keyword">famous UK boxers</a>?&quot;For a country with a rich sporting history like England, it shouldn't be too surprising that they have a slew of famous boxers, including several champions. Some of the <a class="edS-cl" href="https://www.ranker.com/list/famous-male-professional-boxers/reference?ref=internalCrossLinking_keyword">well known boxers</a> to hail from England include former heavyweight champion Lennox Lewis, retired light-welterweight champ Ricky Hatton, and the old-fashioned boxing legend Bob Fitzsimmons. Boxers also include everyone from Matthew Hatton to Frankie Gavin. Click on the names of these famous boxers of England in order to view more information about each, including their places of birth, so you can see which British boxers hail from London and which come from far corners of the United Kingdom.

A list of the founders of notable schools, colleges and universities in England throughout British history. The list begins with the founding of The King's School of Canterbury by St. Augustine in 597 AD and tracks the opening of institutes of learning throughout the British Isles through the creation of Downe House in 1907. Many of the listed colleges are based in one of England's two great centers of learning, the University of Oxford and the University of Cambridge. Many of the oldest schools on the list - such as St. Augustine's King's School - did not receive a royal charter until many years, even centuries, after they were founded. (The King's School initially opened as an abbey.) Many of the schools formed initially in the Middle Ages did not receive a royal charter until the 16th Century or later.)

Tennis

Annabel Croft

List of <a class="edS-cl" href="https://www.ranker.com/crowdranked-list/greatest-mens-tennis-players-of-all-time?ref=internalCrossLinking_keyword">the best tennis</a> players from England, listed by popularity with photos of the players when available. England has produced some very talented tennis players over the years, including both men and women. Be sure to also check the <a href="http://www.ranker.com/list/famous-tennis-players-from-south-africa/reference">best South African tennis players</a> and the <a href="http://www.ranker.com/list/best-1930s-mens-tennis-players/ranker-tennis">greatest men's tennis players of the 1930s</a>. These are some of the most talented British tennis players to ever live, so if you're a native of England and are aspiring to play tennis professionally then these people should be your idols. If you're searching for a particular popular tennis player from England then you can use the &quot;search&quot; box to find who you're looking for.You can rank all of these players, from Andy Murray to Sue Barker.This list answers the questions, &quot;Who are the greatest British tennis players?&quot; and &quot;Who is the best British tennis player of all time?&quot;You can click on the names of these legendary tennis players of England in order to get more information about each one. If you play tennis or just love the sport then use this list of talented British tennis players to find some athletes you haven't heard of before.

Bands/Musicians

List of English <a class="edS-cl" href="https://www.ranker.com/list/alternative-bands-and-artists/reference?ref=internalCrossLinking_keyword">alternative rock bands</a>, listed by popularity with photos when available. This list includes more than just bands, as alternative rock solo artists from England are included as well. It's always interesting to see where famous bands got their starts, so use this list to discover some great English music that you've never heard before. The alternative rock bands and artists below have played their music all over the world, but they all were formed in England. If you think the best English alternative rock band is missing from the list, then feel free to add it <a class="edS-cl" href="https://www.ranker.com/list/things-found-at-the-bottom-of-lakes/christopher-shultz?ref=internalCrossLinking_keyword">at the bottom</a> so it's included with these other great acts. Adele and Coldplay are included in this list.If you want to answer the questions, "Who are popular alternative rock bands from England?" and "Which alternative rock bands started in England?" then this list will answer your questions.

poll

Fuller's London Pride

List of the top English beers from merry ole' England. Produced and distributed from the heart of the United Kingdom, all of these top English beers have found their way down our mouths, down our throats, down our gullets and into our hearts. These fine English brews have warmed our bellies to bursting, and we shall not soon forget it. &nbsp; So what makes a great English beer anyway? Is it the malty aromas of their deep amber brews? Or is it the fizzy sweet sips with thin heads, or the deep amber pours that allow for thick heads and fruity aromas? Though name has never won a brewery any awards, many of these legendary English brews come with equally spectacular names, such as Wynchwood Brewery's Hobgoblin, the Wells and Young's Bombadier, or the Golden Champion beer from Badger Brewery.&nbsp; &nbsp; So what are the top English beers? Great crafted drinks take years to master, and England's brewing history has been rich. Because of this, these best beer awards for English beers will be highly contested in any realm. All you can do to be sure your favorite gets shared around the world, is it to cast your vote. If the English beer you consider to be the best beer made in England isn't on the list of the best English beers, make sure to add it. Once that's all finished, you can get up off of your bum and head on down to the pub. Cheers!

Politics

List of the most popular, renowned or famous politicians from England. List includes the most notable politicians from England, along with photos when available. This list of English politicians is alphabetical, but can be sorted by any column and answers the question &quot;what famous politicians are from England?&quot; You can click on the names of the famous politicians of England in order to get more information about each one. List is made up of a variety of politicians, including Anthony Woodville, 2nd Earl Rivers and Thomas Howard, 3rd Duke of Norfolk. You're able to copy this fact-based list to build your own just like it, re-rank it to fit your views, then publish it to share it on Facebook, Twitter or any other social networks you use regularly. {#nodes}

Jurassic Coast

List of top places to visit in England. What are the best things to do in England? This list ranks the most popular attractions in England. Though London is England's largest city and most popular for a tourist destination, England offers plenty of things to do beyond the <a href="/list/top-must-see-attractions-in-london/ranker-travel">best tourist attractions in London</a> for those looking to experience authentic English culture, tradition and cuisine.&nbsp;England is known for it's quaint English countryside such as Stratford-upon-Avon, William Shakespeare's birthplace and where his wife, Anne Hathaway, lived as a child. England is also famous for its stone cathedrals, castles and unique natural environments, many of which are World Heritage Sites such as Durham Cathedral, Stonehenge, and the Jurassic Coast, a collection of seaside cliffs that date back 180 million years.&nbsp;England is rich with history that can be found all over the country. The Roman Baths in Bath, Somerset are a popular tourist destination featuring some of the best preserved architecture from Roman history. Once in Bath, stop by the Royal Crescent to see a fine example of Georgian architecture where many notable people have either lived or stayed. Today, students and visitors can be seen lounging in the grass in front of the crescent having a picnic, reading a book or even playing frisbee.&nbsp;What are the top attractions in England? Vote up the best sights with this list of must-see attractions in England.&nbsp; &nbsp;

Soccer

Matthew Le Tissier

If you're wondering who makes the list of the <a class="edS-cl" href="https://www.ranker.com/list/best-current-soccer-players/ranker-sports?ref=internalCrossLinking_keyword">best soccer players</a> from England, you'll find them right here. The list includes the top soccer (or “football”) players from England, along with photos when available. This list of best British soccer players is ordered by popularity, so only the greatest players are at the top of the list. If you're searching for a particular famous <a class="edS-cl" href="https://www.ranker.com/list/famous-soccer-players-from-united-kingdom/reference?ref=internalCrossLinking_keyword">British soccer player</a> you can use the &quot;search&quot; box to find what you're looking for.List is made up of a variety of players, including Charlie Twissell and Austin Hayes, answering&nbsp;the questions, &quot;Who are the best British footballers?&quot; and &quot;Who is the greatest British soccer player of all time?&quot; You can provide your input as well by voting up your favorite players from the list, and voting any down you feel should be lower on the list.You can click on the names of these <a class="edS-cl" href="https://www.ranker.com/list/notable-footballer_s)/reference?ref=internalCrossLinking_keyword">popular soccer players</a> of England in order to get more information about each one. If you're a sports lover then you can use this list of popular British soccer players to discover some new athletes that you might really enjoy watching.

Rock

The Battle of Epping Forest

List of songs about London, England, including songs that take place in the city or make notable reference to its streets and landmarks. Some songs are included simply for mentioning London in the title, or using the city as a reference point. (For example, Magnetic Fields &quot;All the Umbrellas in London,&quot; which namechecks the city but only uses it - along with New York, Tokyo and other cities - as an extended metaphor for sadness.)Excluded from the list are songs that only mention London along with other cities within the lyrics, and contain no specific content about the city itself. Some of the most <a href="https://www.ranker.com/list/best-rock-songs-2020/music-lover?ref=internalCrossLinking_keyword">popular rock songs</a> of all time are featured on the list, many of them as a result of the &quot;British Invasion&quot; in which so much of the West's favorite music was coming out of the city. (The later Britpop movement also contributed a fair number of songs to the list, including hits from Blur, Pulp and Oasis.)Many of the cities most popular and infamous thoroughfares have become well-known to the world by being mentioned in songs. Roads in London mentioned specifically include Warwick Avenue, Carnaby Street, Waterloo Street, Portobello Road, Baker Street (home to Sherlock Holmes) and Goodge Street. The London underground has also made a fair share of musical appearances, with shoutouts including &quot;Euston Station&quot; by The Oyster Band, &quot;Circle Line&quot; by Carmel and &quot;Down in the Tube Station at Midnight&quot; by The Jam. Not all songs on the list are in praise of London, it's worth noting. Several selections by the Clash, Madness, Lily Allen's &quot;LDN&quot; and even the Rolling Stones' &quot;Street Fightin' Man&quot; take a more critical view of gritty day-to-day life in London.

The UK has birthed some of <a href="https://www.ranker.com/list/most-famous-boy-bands-right-now/ranker-music?ref=internalCrossLinking_keyword" target="_blank">the most popular boy bands</a>, from One Direction to Take That. And not just famous British boy bands, but some of these iconic groups are listed among the most loved boy bands of all time.

Whether you&rsquo;re looking for recent boy bands from the UK or an 80s favorite like Take That, you&rsquo;ll find them below on this list of the best English boy bands.These beloved UK boy bands feature heartthrobs like <a href="https://www.ranker.com/list/harry-styles-loves-and-hookups/celebrityhookups" target="_blank">Harry Styles</a>, James McVey, and <a href="https://www.ranker.com/list/best-robbie-williams-albums-list/reference?ref=nodelyrel&amp;pos=3&amp;a=0&amp;l=1916594&amp;ltype=n&amp;g=1" target="_blank">Robbie Williams</a>.

This list isn&rsquo;t just reserved for hot British boy bands, either. Below you&rsquo;ll find famed solo performers who originated in England, as well. This ranking of British boy bands features artists who have performed all over the world. And if&nbsp; you think we&rsquo;re missing one of the greatest British male bands, feel free to add them to the list. If you&#39;ve been wondering,&nbsp;&quot;Which boy bands started in England?&quot; then this list will answer your question.

Who are your favorite boy bands from England? Don&rsquo;t forget to vote up your favorite boy bands from the UK below.&nbsp;

List of notable or famous scientists from England, with bios and photos, including the top scientists born in England and even some popular scientists who immigrated to England. If you're trying to find out the names of famous English scientists then this list is the perfect resource for you. These scientists are among the most prominent in their field, and information about each well-known scientist from England is included when available. This is a list that features people like Stephen Hawking and Arthur Stanley Eddington. Featuring British scientists and more, this list has it all.&nbsp;This historic scientists from England list can help answer the questions &quot;Who are some English scientists of note?&quot; and &quot;Who are the <a class="edS-cl" href="https://www.ranker.com/list/famous-scientists-from-united-states-of-america/reference?ref=internalCrossLinking_keyword">most famous scientists</a> from England?&quot; These prominent scientists of England may or may not be currently alive, but what they all have in common is that they're all respected English scientists.Use this list of renowned English scientists to discover some new scientists that you aren't familiar with. Don't forget to share this list by clicking one of the social media icons at the top or bottom of the page.&nbsp;

List of notable or famous historians from England, with bios and photos, including the top historians born in England and even some popular historians who immigrated to England. If you're trying to find out the names of famous English historians then this list is the perfect resource for you. These historians are among the most prominent in their field, and information about each well-known historian from England is included when available. These people, like Winston Churchill and David Starkey include images when available. This historic historians from England list can help answer the questions &quot;Who are some English historians of note?&quot; and &quot;Who are the <a class="edS-cl" href="https://www.ranker.com/list/famous-historians-from-united-states-of-america/reference?ref=internalCrossLinking_keyword">most famous historians</a> from England?&quot; These prominent historians of England may or may not be currently alive, but what they all have in common is that they're all respected English historians.Use this list of renowned English historians to discover some new historians that you aren't familiar with. Don't forget to share this list by clicking one of the social media icons at the top or bottom of the page.&nbsp;

List of notable or famous mathematicians from England, with bios and photos, including the top mathematicians born in England and even some popular mathematicians who immigrated to England. If you're trying to find out the names of famous English mathematicians then this list is the perfect resource for you. These mathematicians are among the most prominent in their field, and information about each well-known mathematician from England is included when available. Stephen Hawking and Joseph John Thomson are a great starting point for your to rank your favorites on this list This historic mathematicians from England list can help answer the questions "Who are some English mathematicians of note?" and "Who are the most famous mathematicians from England?" These prominent mathematicians of England may or may not be currently alive, but what they all have in common is that they're all respected English mathematicians.Use this list of renowned English mathematicians to discover some new mathematicians that you aren't familiar with. Don't forget to share this list by clicking one of the social media icons at the top or bottom of the page. {#nodes}

List of notable or famous lawyers from England, with bios and photos, including the top lawyers born in England and even some popular lawyers who immigrated to England. If you're trying to find out the names of famous English lawyers then this list is the perfect resource for you. These lawyers are among the most prominent in their field, and information about each well-known lawyer from England is included when available. List includes Brenda Hale, John Donne and more. Featuring popular British attorneys and more, this list has it all.&nbsp;This historic lawyers from England list can help answer the questions &quot;Who are some English lawyers of note?&quot; and &quot;Who are the <a class="edS-cl" href="https://www.ranker.com/list/famous-lawyers-from-united-states-of-america/reference?ref=internalCrossLinking_keyword">most famous lawyers</a> from England?&quot; These prominent lawyers of England may or may not be currently alive, but what they all have in common is that they're all respected English lawyers.Use this list of renowned English lawyers to discover some new lawyers that you aren't familiar with. Don't forget to share this list by clicking one of the social media icons at the top or bottom of the page.&nbsp;

List of notable or famous judges from England, with bios and photos, including the top judges born in England and even some popular judges who immigrated to England. If you're trying to find out the names of famous English judges then this list is the perfect resource for you. These judges are among the most prominent in their field, and information about each well-known judge from England is included when available. List features Adrian Fulford, Julius Caesar and more people. This historic judges from England list can help answer the questions "Who are some English judges of note?" and "Who are the most famous judges from England?" These prominent judges of England may or may not be currently alive, but what they all have in common is that they're all respected English judges.Use this list of renowned English judges to discover some new judges that you aren't familiar with. Don't forget to share this list by clicking one of the social media icons at the top or bottom of the page. {#nodes}

List of notable or <a class="edS-cl" href="https://www.ranker.com/list/famous-fashion-designers-from-italy/reference?ref=internalCrossLinking_keyword">famous fashion designers</a> from England, with bios and photos, including <a class="edS-cl" href="https://www.ranker.com/list/most-influential-fashion-designers-in-history/samantha-dillinger?ref=internalCrossLinking_keyword">the top fashion designers</a> born in England and even some popular fashion designers who immigrated to England. If you're trying to find out the names of famous English fashion designers then this list is the perfect resource for you. These fashion designers are among the most prominent in their field, and information about each well-known fashion designer from England is included when available. The list you're viewing is made up of a variety of different people, including Victoria Beckham and Naomi Campbell. This historic fashion designers from England list can help answer the questions "Who are some English fashion designers of note?" and "Who are the most famous fashion designers from England?" These <a class="edS-cl" href="https://www.ranker.com/list/famous-fashion-designers-from-united-states-of-america/reference?ref=internalCrossLinking_keyword">prominent fashion designers</a> of England may or may not be currently alive, but what they all have in common is that they're all respected English fashion designers.Use this list of renowned English fashion designers to discover some new fashion designers that you aren't familiar with. Don't forget to share this list by clicking one of the social media icons at the top or bottom of the page. {#nodes}

Michael Caine

Some of the best actors of all time hail from England, and whether you love these English men for their acting talents or just their accents, there's no denying that many of these English actors are among some of the best actors in film history. Whether living or dead, these men made England a top source for acting talent in Hollywood and will go down in history as the best.Who are the all-time top English actors in film history? Some of these actors from England became famous for roles as Americans, as Jedi (hi, Alec Guinness!), as detectives, and any number of other memorable characters. There's just something about these English gentlemen that movie audiences love, and their fantastic acting abilities have made many of them award winners as well.This list features the greatest English actors of all time including Charlie Chaplin, Anthony Hopkins, Benedict Cumberbatch, Christian Bale, Cary Grant, David Niven, Daniel Day-Lewis, and Ewan McGregor. Don't see your favorite actor from England? Add him below so other film fans can vote. Then, be sure to vote and rerank the list according to who you think are the best English actors to have ever graced the screen.

England

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List of famous people who died in England, with photos when available. These notable England deaths are loosely ordered by how famous each person was, meaning the most well-known people are at the top of the list. Some of the people mentioned below were celebrities who died in England, while others were just renowned in their line of work. Either way everyone on this list has England listed as their official place of death in any public records. Each prominent person who passed away in England has information about them next to their names, including the year they were born and their place of birth.List features people like Donald Neilson, Robert Kirby and more!If you're trying to answer the questions, "Which famous people died in England?" and "Which celebrities died in England?" then this list will have you covered. This list of historic deaths in England includes athletes, musicians, celebrities and notable local figures.

England Celebrity Deaths | Celebrities Who Died in England

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William Shakespeare

William Shakespeare (bapt. 26 April 1564 – 23 April 1616) was an English poet, playwright, and actor, widely regarded as the greatest writer in the English language and the world's greatest dramatist. He is often called England's national poet and the "Bard of Avon". His extant works, including collaborations, consist of some 39 plays, 154 sonnets, two long narrative poems, and a few other verses, some of uncertain authorship. His plays have been translated into every major living language and are performed more often than those of any other playwright.Shakespeare was born and raised in Stratford-upon-Avon, Warwickshire. At the age of 18, he married Anne Hathaway, with whom he had three children: Susanna and twins Hamnet and Judith. Sometime between 1585 and 1592, he began a successful career in London as an actor, writer, and part-owner of a playing company called the Lord Chamberlain's Men, later known as the King's Men. At age 49 (around 1613), he appears to have retired to Stratford, where he died three years later. Few records of Shakespeare's private life survive; this has stimulated considerable speculation about such matters as his physical appearance, his sexuality, his religious beliefs, and whether the works attributed to him were written by others. Such theories are often criticised for failing to adequately note that few records survive of most commoners of the period.
Shakespeare produced most of his known works between 1589 and 1613. His early plays were primarily comedies and histories and are regarded as some of the best work produced in these genres. Until about 1608, he wrote mainly tragedies, among them Hamlet, Othello, King Lear, and Macbeth, all considered to be among the finest works in the English language. In the last phase of his life, he wrote tragicomedies (also known as romances) and collaborated with other playwrights.
Many of Shakespeare's plays were published in editions of varying quality and accuracy in his lifetime. However, in 1623, two fellow actors and friends of Shakespeare's, John Heminges and Henry Condell, published a more definitive text known as the First Folio, a posthumous collected edition of Shakespeare's dramatic works that included all but two of his plays. The volume was prefaced with a poem by Ben Jonson, in which Jonson presciently hails Shakespeare in a now-famous quote as "not of an age, but for all time".Throughout the 20th and 21st centuries, Shakespeare's works have been continually adapted and rediscovered by new movements in scholarship and performance. His plays remain popular and are studied, performed, and reinterpreted through various cultural and political contexts around the world.

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FREEFORM

Amy Winehouse

Amy Jade Winehouse (14 September 1983 – 23 July 2011) was an English singer and songwriter. She was known for her deep, expressive contralto vocals and her eclectic mix of musical genres, including soul (sometimes labelled as blue-eyed soul and neo soul), rhythm and blues, and jazz. Winehouse's debut album, Frank (2003), was a critical success in the UK and was nominated for the Mercury Prize. Her follow-up album, Back to Black (2006), led to five 2008 Grammy Awards, tying the then record for the most wins by a female artist in a single night, and made her the first British woman to win five Grammys, including three of the General Field "Big Four" Grammy Awards: Best New Artist, Record of the Year and Song of the Year.
Winehouse won three Ivor Novello Awards from the British Academy of Songwriters, Composers, and Authors: in 2004, Best Contemporary Song for "Stronger Than Me"; in 2007, Best Contemporary Song again, this time for "Rehab"; and in 2008, Best Song Musically and Lyrically for "Love Is a Losing Game." She also won the 2007 Brit Award for Best British Female Artist, having been nominated for Best British Album, with Back to Black.
Winehouse was plagued by drug and alcohol addiction. She died of alcohol poisoning on 23 July 2011 at the age of 27. After her death, her album Back to Black became, for a time, the UK's best-selling album of the 21st century. It is also listed as one of the best-selling albums in UK chart history.

Jimi Hendrix

James Marshall "Jimi" Hendrix (born Johnny Allen Hendrix; November 27, 1942 – September 18, 1970) was an American rock guitarist, singer, and songwriter. His mainstream career lasted only four years, but he is widely regarded as one of the most influential guitarists in history and one of the most celebrated musicians of the 20th century. The Rock and Roll Hall of Fame describes him as "the greatest instrumentalist in the history of rock music".Born in Seattle, Washington, Hendrix began playing guitar at age 15. In 1961, he enlisted in the Army and trained as a paratrooper in the 101st Airborne Division, but he was discharged the following year. He moved to Clarksville, Tennessee soon after and began playing gigs on the Chitlin' Circuit, earning a place in the Isley Brothers' backing band and later with Little Richard, with whom he continued to work through mid-1965. He played with Curtis Knight and the Squires before moving to England in late 1966 after being discovered by Linda Keith, who interested bassist Chas Chandler of the Animals in becoming his first manager. Within months, Hendrix earned three UK top ten hits with the Jimi Hendrix Experience: "Hey Joe", "Purple Haze", and "The Wind Cries Mary". He achieved fame in the U.S. after his performance at the Monterey Pop Festival in 1967, and his third and final studio album Electric Ladyland reached number one in the U.S. in 1968; it was Hendrix's most commercially successful release and his only number-one album. He was the world's highest-paid performer, and he headlined the Woodstock Festival in 1969 and the Isle of Wight Festival in 1970. He died from barbiturate-related asphyxia on September 18, 1970, at age 27.
Hendrix was inspired by American rock and roll and electric blues. He favored overdriven amplifiers with high volume and gain, and he was instrumental in popularizing the previously undesirable sounds caused by guitar amplifier feedback. He was also one of the first guitarists to make extensive use of tone-altering effects units in mainstream rock, such as fuzz tone, Octavia, wah-wah, and Uni-Vibe. He was the first musician to use stereophonic phasing effects in recordings. Holly George-Warren of Rolling Stone writes: "Hendrix pioneered the use of the instrument as an electronic sound source. Players before him had experimented with feedback and distortion, but Hendrix turned those effects and others into a controlled, fluid vocabulary every bit as personal as the blues with which he began."In 1967, readers of Melody Maker voted Hendrix the Pop Musician of the Year, and Rolling Stone declared him the Performer of the Year in 1968. Disc and Music Echo magazine honored him with the World Top Musician of 1969, and Guitar Player named him the Rock Guitarist of the Year in 1970. The Jimi Hendrix Experience was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1992 and the UK Music Hall of Fame in 2005. Rolling Stone ranked the band's three studio albums among the 100 greatest albums of all time, and ranked Hendrix the greatest guitarist and the sixth greatest artist of all time.

Freddie Mercury

Freddie Mercury (born Farrokh Bulsara; 5 September 1946 – 24 November 1991) was a British singer, songwriter, record producer, and lead vocalist of the rock band Queen. Regarded as one of the greatest lead singers in the history of rock music, he was known for his flamboyant stage persona and four-octave vocal range.Born in 1946 in Zanzibar to Parsi parents from India, he attended English-style boarding schools in India from the age of eight and returned to Zanzibar after secondary school. In 1964, his family fled the Zanzibar Revolution, moving to Middlesex, England. Having studied and written music for years, he formed Queen in 1970 with guitarist Brian May and drummer Roger Taylor. Mercury wrote numerous hits for Queen, including "Killer Queen", "Bohemian Rhapsody", "Somebody to Love", "We Are the Champions", "Don't Stop Me Now", and "Crazy Little Thing Called Love". He also led a solo career and served as a producer and guest musician for other artists. Mercury died in 1991 at age 45 due to complications from AIDS. He confirmed the day before his death that he had contracted the disease. In 1992, a tribute concert was held at Wembley Stadium.
As a member of Queen, Mercury was posthumously inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 2001, the Songwriters Hall of Fame in 2003, and the UK Music Hall of Fame in 2004. In 1990, he and the other Queen members were awarded the Brit Award for Outstanding Contribution to British Music, and one year after his death Mercury was awarded it individually. In 2005, Queen were awarded an Ivor Novello Award for Outstanding Song Collection from the British Academy of Songwriters, Composers, and Authors. In 2002, Mercury ranked number 58 in the BBC's poll of the 100 Greatest Britons.

Ava Gardner

Ava Lavinia Gardner (December 24, 1922 – January 25, 1990) was an American actress and singer. Gardner was signed to a contract with Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer in 1941, and appeared mainly in small roles until she drew attention with her performance in The Killers (1946). She was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Actress for her work in Mogambo (1953), and also received BAFTA Award and Golden Globe Award nominations for other films.
Gardner appeared in several high-profile films from the 1940s to 1970s, including The Hucksters (1947), Show Boat (1951), Pandora and the Flying Dutchman (1951), The Snows of Kilimanjaro (1952), The Barefoot Contessa (1954), Bhowani Junction (1956), On the Beach (1959), 55 Days at Peking (1963), Seven Days in May (1964), The Night of the Iguana (1964), The Bible: In the Beginning... (1966), Mayerling (1968), The Life and Times of Judge Roy Bean (1972), Earthquake (1974), and The Cassandra Crossing (1976). Gardner continued to act regularly until 1986, four years before her death in London in 1990, at the age of 67.
She is listed 25th among the American Film Institute's 25 Greatest Female Stars of Classic Hollywood Cinema.

Leigh Bowery

Leigh Bowery (26 March 1961 – 1 January 1995) was an Australian performance artist, club promoter, and fashion designer. Bowery was known for his flamboyant and outlandish costumes and makeup as well as his (sometimes controversial) performances. Based in London for much of his adult life, he was a significant model and muse for the English painter Lucian Freud. Bowery's friend and fellow performer Boy George said he saw Bowery's outrageous performances a number of times, and that it "never ceased to impress or revolt".

Virginia Woolf

Adeline Virginia Woolf (; née Stephen; 25 January 1882 –  28 March 1941) was an English writer, considered one of the most important modernist 20th-century authors and also a pioneer in the use of stream of consciousness as a narrative device.
Woolf was born into an affluent household in South Kensington, London, the seventh child in a blended family of eight. Her mother, Julia Prinsep Jackson, celebrated as a Pre-Raphaelite artist's model, had three children from her first marriage, while Woolf's father, Leslie Stephen, a notable man of letters, had one previous daughter. The Stephens produced another four children, including the modernist painter Vanessa Bell. While the boys in the family received college educations, the girls were home-schooled in English classics and Victorian literature. An important influence in Virginia Woolf's early life was the summer home the family used in St Ives, Cornwall, where she first saw the Godrevy Lighthouse, which was to become central in her novel To the Lighthouse (1927).
Woolf's childhood came to an abrupt end in 1895 with the death of her mother and her first mental breakdown, followed two years later by the death of her stepsister and a mother figure to her, Stella Duckworth. From 1897 to 1901, she attended the Ladies' Department of King's College London, where she studied classics and history and came into contact with early reformers of women's higher education and the women's rights movement. Other important influences were her Cambridge-educated brothers and unfettered access to her father's vast library.
Encouraged by her father, Woolf began writing professionally in 1900. Her father's death in 1905 caused another mental breakdown for Woolf. Following his death, the Stephen family moved from Kensington to the more bohemian Bloomsbury, where they adopted a free-spirited lifestyle. It was in Bloomsbury where, in conjunction with the brothers' intellectual friends, they formed the artistic and literary Bloomsbury Group.
Following her 1912 marriage to Leonard Woolf, the couple founded the Hogarth Press in 1917, which published much of her work. The couple rented a home in Sussex and moved there permanently in 1940. Throughout her life, Woolf was troubled by her mental illness. She was institutionalized several times and attempted suicide at least twice. Her illness is considered to have been bipolar disorder, for which there was no effective intervention during her lifetime. At age 59, Woolf committed suicide in 1941 by putting rocks in her coat pockets and drowning herself in the River Ouse.
During the interwar period, Woolf was an important part of London's literary and artistic society. In 1915 she published her first novel, The Voyage Out, through her half-brother's publishing house, Gerald Duckworth and Company. Her best-known works include the novels Mrs Dalloway (1925), To the Lighthouse (1927) and Orlando (1928). She is also known for her essays, including A Room of One's Own (1929), in which she wrote the much-quoted dictum, "A woman must have money and a room of her own if she is to write fiction."
Woolf became one of the central subjects of the 1970s movement of feminist criticism and her works have since garnered much attention and widespread commentary for "inspiring feminism." Her works have been translated into more than 50 languages. A large body of literature is dedicated to her life and work, and she has been the subject of plays, novels and films. Woolf is commemorated today by statues, societies dedicated to her work and a building at the University of London.

Vivien Leigh

Vivien Leigh (; born Vivian Mary Hartley and styled as Lady Olivier after 1947; 5 November 1913 – 8 July 1967) was a British stage and film actress. She won two Academy Awards for Best Actress, for her definitive performances as Scarlett O'Hara in Gone with the Wind (1939) and Blanche DuBois in the film version of A Streetcar Named Desire (1951), a role she had also played on stage in London's West End in 1949. She also won a Tony Award for her work in the Broadway musical version of Tovarich (1963).
After completing her drama school education, Leigh appeared in small roles in four films in 1935 and progressed to the role of heroine in Fire Over England (1937). Lauded for her beauty, Leigh felt that her physical attributes sometimes prevented her from being taken seriously as an actress. Despite her fame as a screen actress, Leigh was primarily a stage performer. During her 30-year career, she played roles ranging from the heroines of Noël Coward and George Bernard Shaw comedies to classic Shakespearean characters such as Ophelia, Cleopatra, Juliet, and Lady Macbeth. Later in life, she performed as a character actress in a few films.
At the time, the public strongly identified Leigh with her second husband, Laurence Olivier, who was her spouse from 1940 to 1960. Leigh and Olivier starred together in many stage productions, with Olivier often directing, and in three films. She earned a reputation for being difficult to work with, and for much of her adult life, she suffered from bipolar disorder, as well as recurrent bouts of chronic tuberculosis, which was first diagnosed in the mid-1940s and ultimately claimed her life at the age of 53. Although her career had periods of inactivity, in 1999 the American Film Institute ranked Leigh as the 16th greatest female movie star of classic Hollywood cinema.

John Dalton

John Dalton FRS (; 6 September 1766 – 27 July 1844) was an English chemist, physicist, and meteorologist. He is best known for introducing the atomic theory into chemistry, and for his research into color blindness, sometimes referred to as Daltonism in his honour.

Alec Guinness

Sir Alec Guinness,  (born 2 April 1914 – 5 August 2000) was an English actor. After an early career on the stage, Guinness was featured in several of the Ealing Comedies, including The Ladykillers and Kind Hearts and Coronets in which he played nine different characters. He is known for his six collaborations with David Lean: Herbert Pocket in Great Expectations (1946), Fagin in Oliver Twist (1948), Col. Nicholson in The Bridge on the River Kwai (1957, for which he won the Academy Award for Best Actor), Prince Faisal in Lawrence of Arabia (1962), General Yevgraf Zhivago in Doctor Zhivago (1965), and Professor Godbole in A Passage to India (1984). He is also known for his portrayal of Obi-Wan Kenobi in George Lucas' original Star Wars trilogy; for the original film, he was nominated for Best Supporting Actor at the 50th Academy Awards.
Guinness was one of three British actors, along with Laurence Olivier and John Gielgud, who made the transition from Shakespearean theatre to blockbuster films immediately after World War II. Guinness served in the Royal Naval Reserve during the war and commanded a landing craft during the invasion of Sicily and Elba. During the war he was granted leave to appear in the stage play Flare Path about RAF Bomber Command.
Guinness won an Academy Award, a BAFTA, a Golden Globe and a Tony Award. In 1959, he was knighted by Elizabeth II for services to the arts. He received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame in 1960, the Academy Honorary Award for lifetime achievement in 1980 and the BAFTA Academy Fellowship Award in 1989. Guinness appeared in nine films that featured in the BFI's 100 greatest British films of the 20th century, which included five of Lean's films.

Alexander McQueen

Lee Alexander McQueen, CBE (17 March 1969 – 11 February 2010) was a British fashion designer and couturier. He worked as chief designer at Givenchy from 1996 to 2001, and founded his own fort Alexander McQueen label in 1992. His achievements in fashion earned him four British Designer of the Year awards (1996, 1997, 2001 and 2003), as well as the CFDA's International Designer of the Year award in 2003. McQueen died by suicide in 2010, at the age of 40, at his home in Mayfair, London.

William Kennedy Dickson

William Kennedy-Laurie Dickson (3 August 1860 – 28 September 1935) was a Scottish inventor who devised an early motion picture camera under the employment of Thomas Edison (post-dating the work of Louis Le Prince).

James Chadwick

Sir James Chadwick,  (20 October 1891 – 24 July 1974) was a British physicist who was awarded the 1935 Nobel Prize in Physics for his discovery of the neutron in 1932. In 1941, he wrote the final draft of the MAUD Report, which inspired the U.S. government to begin serious atomic bomb research efforts. He was the head of the British team that worked on the Manhattan Project during the Second World War. He was knighted in Britain in 1945 for his achievements in physics.
Chadwick graduated from the Victoria University of Manchester in 1911, where he studied under Ernest Rutherford (known as the "father of nuclear physics"). At Manchester, he continued to study under Rutherford until he was awarded his MSc in 1913. The same year, Chadwick was awarded an 1851 Research Fellowship from the Royal Commission for the Exhibition of 1851. He elected to study beta radiation under Hans Geiger in Berlin. Using Geiger's recently developed Geiger counter, Chadwick was able to demonstrate that beta radiation produced a continuous spectrum, and not discrete lines as had been thought. Still in Germany when the First World War broke out in Europe, he spent the next four years in the Ruhleben internment camp.
After the war, Chadwick followed Rutherford to the Cavendish Laboratory at the University of Cambridge, where Chadwick earned his Doctor of Philosophy degree under Rutherford's supervision from Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge, in June 1921. He was Rutherford's assistant director of research at the Cavendish Laboratory for over a decade at a time when it was one of the world's foremost centres for the study of physics, attracting students like John Cockcroft, Norman Feather, and Mark Oliphant. Chadwick followed his discovery of the neutron by measuring its mass. He anticipated that neutrons would become a major weapon in the fight against cancer. Chadwick left the Cavendish Laboratory in 1935 to become a professor of physics at the University of Liverpool, where he overhauled an antiquated laboratory and, by installing a cyclotron, made it an important centre for the study of nuclear physics.
During the Second World War, Chadwick carried out research as part of the Tube Alloys project to build an atomic bomb, while his Manchester lab and environs were harassed by Luftwaffe bombing. When the Quebec Agreement merged his project with the American Manhattan Project, he became part of the British Mission, and worked at the Los Alamos Laboratory and in Washington, D.C. He surprised everyone by earning the almost-complete trust of project director Leslie R. Groves, Jr. For his efforts, Chadwick received a knighthood in the New Year Honours on 1 January 1945. In July 1945, he viewed the Trinity nuclear test. After this, he served as the British scientific advisor to the United Nations Atomic Energy Commission. Uncomfortable with the trend toward Big Science, Chadwick became the Master of Gonville and Caius College in 1948. He retired in 1959.

Aleister Crowley

Aleister Crowley (; born Edward Alexander Crowley; 12 October 1875 – 1 December 1947) was an English occultist, ceremonial magician, poet, painter, novelist, and mountaineer. He founded the religion of Thelema, identifying himself as the prophet entrusted with guiding humanity into the Æon of Horus in the early 20th century. A prolific writer, he published widely over the course of his life.
Born to a wealthy family in Royal Leamington Spa, Warwickshire, Crowley rejected his parent's fundamentalist Christian Plymouth Brethren faith to pursue an interest in Western esotericism. He was educated at Trinity College at the University of Cambridge, where he focused his attentions on mountaineering and poetry, resulting in several publications. Some biographers allege that here he was recruited into a British intelligence agency, further suggesting that he remained a spy throughout his life. In 1898 he joined the esoteric Hermetic Order of the Golden Dawn, where he was trained in ceremonial magic by Samuel Liddell MacGregor Mathers and Allan Bennett. Moving to Boleskine House by Loch Ness in Scotland, he went mountaineering in Mexico with Oscar Eckenstein, before studying Hindu and Buddhist practices in India. He married Rose Edith Kelly and in 1904 they honeymooned in Cairo, Egypt, where Crowley claimed to have been contacted by a supernatural entity named Aiwass, who provided him with The Book of the Law, a sacred text that served as the basis for Thelema. Announcing the start of the Æon of Horus, The Book declared that its followers should "Do what thou wilt" and seek to align themselves with their True Will through the practice of magick.
After an unsuccessful attempt to climb Kanchenjunga and a visit to India and China, Crowley returned to Britain, where he attracted attention as a prolific author of poetry, novels, and occult literature. In 1907, he and George Cecil Jones co-founded an esoteric order, the A∴A∴, through which they propagated Thelema. After spending time in Algeria, in 1912 he was initiated into another esoteric order, the German-based Ordo Templi Orientis (O.T.O.), rising to become the leader of its British branch, which he reformulated in accordance with his Thelemite beliefs. Through the O.T.O., Thelemite groups were established in Britain, Australia, and North America. Crowley spent the First World War in the United States, where he took up painting and campaigned for the German war effort against Britain, later revealing that he had infiltrated the pro-German movement to assist the British intelligence services. In 1920 he established the Abbey of Thelema, a religious commune in Cefalù, Sicily where he lived with various followers. His libertine lifestyle led to denunciations in the British press, and the Italian government evicted him in 1923. He divided the following two decades between France, Germany, and England, and continued to promote Thelema until his death.
Crowley gained widespread notoriety during his lifetime, being a recreational drug experimenter, bisexual and an individualist social critic. He was denounced in the popular press as "the wickedest man in the world" and a Satanist. Crowley has remained a highly influential figure over Western esotericism and the counterculture, and continues to be considered a prophet in Thelema. He is the subject of various biographies and academic studies.

Isaac Newton

Sir Isaac Newton  (25 December 1642 – 20 March 1726/27) was an English mathematician, physicist, astronomer, theologian, and author (described in his own day as a "natural philosopher") who is widely recognised as one of the most influential scientists of all time, and a key figure in the scientific revolution. His book Philosophiæ Naturalis Principia Mathematica (Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy), first published in 1687, laid the foundations of classical mechanics. Newton also made seminal contributions to optics, and shares credit with Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz for developing the infinitesimal calculus.
In Principia, Newton formulated the laws of motion and universal gravitation that formed the dominant scientific viewpoint until it was superseded by the theory of relativity. Newton used his mathematical description of gravity to prove Kepler's laws of planetary motion, account for tides, the trajectories of comets, the precession of the equinoxes and other phenomena, eradicating doubt about the Solar System's heliocentricity. He demonstrated that the motion of objects on Earth and celestial bodies could be accounted for by the same principles. Newton's inference that the Earth is an oblate spheroid was later confirmed by the geodetic measurements of Maupertuis, La Condamine, and others, convincing most European scientists of the superiority of Newtonian mechanics over earlier systems.
Newton built the first practical reflecting telescope and developed a sophisticated theory of colour based on the observation that a prism separates white light into the colours of the visible spectrum. His work on light was collected in his highly influential book Opticks, published in 1704. He also formulated an empirical law of cooling, made the first theoretical calculation of the speed of sound, and introduced the notion of a Newtonian fluid. In addition to his work on calculus, as a mathematician Newton contributed to the study of power series, generalised the binomial theorem to non-integer exponents, developed a method for approximating the roots of a function, and classified most of the cubic plane curves.
Newton was a fellow of Trinity College and the second Lucasian Professor of Mathematics at the University of Cambridge. He was a devout but unorthodox Christian who privately rejected the doctrine of the Trinity. Unusually for a member of the Cambridge faculty of the day, he refused to take holy orders in the Church of England. Beyond his work on the mathematical sciences, Newton dedicated much of his time to the study of alchemy and biblical chronology, but most of his work in those areas remained unpublished until long after his death. Politically and personally tied to the Whig party, Newton served two brief terms as Member of Parliament for the University of Cambridge, in 1689–90 and 1701–02. He was knighted by Queen Anne in 1705 and spent the last three decades of his life in London, serving as Warden (1696–1700) and Master (1700–1727) of the Royal Mint, as well as president of the Royal Society (1703–1727).

Georgi Markov

Georgi Ivanov Markov (Bulgarian: Георги Иванов Марков; 1 March 1929 – 11 September 1978) was a Bulgarian dissident writer.
Markov originally worked as a novelist and playwright in his native country, the People's Republic of Bulgaria, until his defection in 1968. After relocating, he worked as a broadcaster and journalist for the BBC World Service, the US-funded Radio Free Europe and West Germany's Deutsche Welle. Markov used such forums to conduct a campaign of sarcastic criticism against the incumbent Bulgarian regime, which, according to his wife at the time he died, eventually became "vitriolic" and included "really smearing mud on the people in the inner circles".Georgi Markov was assassinated on a London street via a micro-engineered pellet containing ricin, fired into his leg from an umbrella wielded by someone associated with the Bulgarian Secret Service. It has been speculated that they asked the KGB for help.

Karl Marx

Karl Marx (German: [ˈkaɐ̯l ˈmaɐ̯ks]; 5 May 1818 – 14 March 1883) was a German philosopher, economist, historian, sociologist, political theorist, journalist and socialist revolutionary.
Born in Trier, Germany, Marx studied law and philosophy at university. He married Jenny von Westphalen in 1843. Due to his political publications, Marx became stateless and lived in exile with his wife and children in London for decades, where he continued to develop his thought in collaboration with German thinker Friedrich Engels and publish his writings, researching in the reading room of the British Museum. His best-known titles are the 1848 pamphlet, The Communist Manifesto, and the three-volume Das Kapital. His political and philosophical thought had enormous influence on subsequent intellectual, economic and political history, and his name has been used as an adjective, a noun and a school of social theory.
Marx's critical theories about society, economics and politics – collectively understood as Marxism – hold that human societies develop through class struggle. In capitalism, this manifests itself in the conflict between the ruling classes (known as the bourgeoisie) that control the means of production and the working classes (known as the proletariat) that enable these means by selling their labour power in return for wages. Employing a critical approach known as historical materialism, Marx predicted that, like previous socio-economic systems, capitalism produced internal tensions which would lead to its self-destruction and replacement by a new system: socialism. For Marx, class antagonisms under capitalism, owing in part to its instability and crisis-prone nature, would eventuate the working class' development of class consciousness, leading to their conquest of political power and eventually the establishment of a classless, communist society constituted by a free association of producers. Marx actively pressed for its implementation, arguing that the working class should carry out organised revolutionary action to topple capitalism and bring about socio-economic emancipation.Marx has been described as one of the most influential figures in human history, and his work has been both lauded and criticised. His work in economics laid the basis for much of the current understanding of labour and its relation to capital, and subsequent economic thought. Many intellectuals, labour unions, artists and political parties worldwide have been influenced by Marx's work, with many modifying or adapting his ideas. Marx is typically cited as one of the principal architects of modern social science.

Erich Segal

Erich Wolf Segal (June 16, 1937 – January 17, 2010) was an American author, screenwriter, educator and classicist. He was best known for writing the bestselling novel Love Story (1970) and the hit motion picture of the same name.

Alexander Litvinenko

Alexander Valterovich Litvinenko (Russian: Алекса́ндр Ва́льтерович Литвине́нко, IPA: [ɐlʲɪˈksandr ˈvaltɨrəvʲɪtɕ lʲɪtvʲɪˈnʲɛnkə]; 30 August 1962 or 4 December 1962 by father's account – 23 November 2006) was a British naturalised Russian defector and former officer of the Russian FSB secret service who specialised in tackling organized crime. According to US diplomats, Litvinenko coined the phrase Mafia state. In November 1998, Litvinenko and several other FSB officers publicly accused their superiors of ordering the assassination of the Russian tycoon and oligarch Boris Berezovsky. Litvinenko was arrested the following March on charges of exceeding the authority of his position. He was acquitted in November 1999 but re-arrested before the charges were again dismissed in 2000. He fled with his family to London and was granted asylum in the United Kingdom, where he worked as a journalist, writer and consultant for the British intelligence services.
During his time in London, Litvinenko wrote two books, Blowing Up Russia: Terror from Within and Lubyanka Criminal Group, wherein he accused the Russian secret services of staging the Russian apartment bombings and other terrorism acts in an effort to bring Vladimir Putin to power. He also accused Putin of ordering the murder in October 2006 of the Russian journalist Anna Politkovskaya.
On 1 November 2006, Litvinenko suddenly fell ill and was hospitalised in what was established as a case of poisoning by radioactive polonium-210; he died from the poisoning on 23 November. He became the first known victim of lethal polonium 210-induced acute radiation syndrome. The events leading up to this are a matter of controversy, spawning numerous theories relating to his poisoning and death. A British murder investigation pointed to Andrey Lugovoy, a former member of Russia's Federal Protective Service, as the prime suspect. The United Kingdom demanded that Lugovoy be extradited, which is against the Constitution of Russia, which prohibits extradition of Russian citizens. Russia denied the extradition, leading to the straining of relations between Russia and the United Kingdom.
After Litvinenko's death, Marina Litvinenko, aided by biologist Alexander Goldfarb, pursued a vigorous campaign through the Litvinenko Justice Foundation. In October 2011, she won the right for an inquest into her husband's death to be conducted by a coroner in London; the inquest was repeatedly set back by issues relating to examinable evidence. A public inquiry began on 27 January 2015, and concluded in January 2016 that Litvinenko's murder was an FSB operation that was probably personally approved by Vladimir Putin and Nikolai Patrushev who was at the time Director of FSB.

Ernest Rutherford

Ernest Rutherford, 1st Baron Rutherford of Nelson, , HFRSE, LLD (30 August 1871 – 19 October 1937), was a New Zealand physicist who came to be known as the father of nuclear physics. Encyclopædia Britannica considers him to be the greatest experimentalist since Michael Faraday (1791–1867).In early work, Rutherford discovered the concept of radioactive half-life, the radioactive element radon, and differentiated and named alpha and beta radiation.  This work was performed at McGill University in Montreal, Canada. It is the basis for the Nobel Prize in Chemistry he was awarded in 1908 "for his investigations into the disintegration of the elements, and the chemistry of radioactive substances", for which he was the first Canadian and Oceanian Nobel laureate.
Rutherford moved in 1907 to the Victoria University of Manchester (today University of Manchester) in the UK, where he and Thomas Royds proved that alpha radiation is helium nuclei.   Rutherford performed his most famous work after he became a Nobel laureate.  In 1911, although he could not prove that it was positive or negative,
he theorized that atoms have their charge  concentrated in a very small nucleus,
and thereby pioneered the Rutherford model of the atom, through his discovery and interpretation of Rutherford scattering by the  gold foil experiment of Hans Geiger and Ernest Marsden. He performed the first artificially induced nuclear reaction in 1917 in experiments where nitrogen nuclei were bombarded with alpha particles. As a result, he discovered the emission of a subatomic particle which, in 1919, he called the "hydrogen atom" but, in 1920, he more accurately named the proton. Rutherford became Director of the Cavendish Laboratory at the University of Cambridge  in 1919. Under his leadership the neutron was discovered by James Chadwick in 1932 and in the same year the first experiment to split the nucleus in a fully controlled manner was performed by students working under his direction, John Cockcroft and Ernest Walton. After his death in 1937, he was honoured by being interred with the greatest scientists of the United Kingdom, near Sir Isaac Newton's tomb in Westminster Abbey. The chemical element rutherfordium (element 104) was named after him in 1997.

Arthur Stanley Eddington

Sir Arthur Stanley Eddington  (28 December 1882 – 22 November 1944) was an English astronomer, physicist, and mathematician. He was also a philosopher of science and a populariser of science. The Eddington limit, the natural limit to the luminosity of stars, or the radiation generated by accretion onto a compact object, is named in his honour.
Around 1920, he anticipated the discovery and mechanism of nuclear fusion processes in stars, in his paper "The Internal Constitution of the Stars". At that time, the source of stellar energy was a complete mystery; Eddington was the first to correctly speculate that the source was fusion of hydrogen into helium.
Eddington wrote a number of articles that announced and explained Einstein's theory of general relativity to the English-speaking world. World War I had severed many lines of scientific communication, and new developments in German science were not well known in England. He also conducted an expedition to observe the solar eclipse of 29 May 1919 that provided one of the earliest confirmations of general relativity, and he became known for his popular expositions and interpretations of the theory.

Sigmund Freud

Sigmund Freud ( FROYD; German: [ˈziːkmʊnt ˈfʁɔʏt]; born Sigismund Schlomo Freud; 6 May 1856 – 23 September 1939) was an Austrian neurologist and the founder of psychoanalysis, a clinical method for treating psychopathology through dialogue between a patient and a psychoanalyst.Freud was born to Galician Jewish parents in the Moravian town of Freiberg, in the Austrian Empire. He qualified as a doctor of medicine in 1881 at the University of Vienna. Upon completing his habilitation in 1885, he was appointed a docent in neuropathology and became an affiliated professor in 1902. Freud lived and worked in Vienna, having set up his clinical practice there in 1886. In 1938 Freud left Austria to escape the Nazis. He died in exile in the United Kingdom in 1939.
In founding psychoanalysis, Freud developed therapeutic techniques such as the use of free association and discovered transference, establishing its central role in the analytic process. Freud's redefinition of sexuality to include its infantile forms led him to formulate the Oedipus complex as the central tenet of psychoanalytical theory. His analysis of dreams as wish-fulfillments provided him with models for the clinical analysis of symptom formation and the underlying mechanisms of repression. On this basis Freud elaborated his theory of the unconscious and went on to develop a model of psychic structure comprising id, ego and super-ego. Freud postulated the existence of libido, a sexualised energy with which mental processes and structures are invested and which generates erotic attachments, and a death drive, the source of compulsive repetition, hate, aggression and neurotic guilt. In his later works, Freud developed a wide-ranging interpretation and critique of religion and culture.
Though in overall decline as a diagnostic and clinical practice, psychoanalysis remains influential within psychology, psychiatry, and psychotherapy, and across the humanities. It thus continues to generate extensive and highly contested debate with regard to its therapeutic efficacy, its scientific status, and whether it advances or is detrimental to the feminist cause. Nonetheless, Freud's work has suffused contemporary Western thought and popular culture. In the words of W. H. Auden's 1940 poetic tribute to Freud, he had created  "a whole climate of opinion / under whom we conduct our different lives."

Richard Wright

Richard William Wright (28 July 1943 – 15 September 2008) was an English musician, composer, singer, and songwriter. He was a founder member, keyboardist, and vocalist of the progressive rock band Pink Floyd, performing on all but one of the group's albums including The Piper at the Gates of Dawn, The Dark Side of the Moon, Wish You Were Here and The Division Bell, and playing on all of their tours.Wright grew up in Hatch End, Middlesex and met future Pink Floyd bandmates Roger Waters and Nick Mason while studying architecture at the Regent Street Polytechnic. After being joined by frontman and songwriter Syd Barrett, the group found commercial success in 1967 before Barrett's instability led to him being replaced by David Gilmour and Wright taking over songwriting duties with Waters. Initially a straightforward singer/songwriter, Wright later acted as an arranger to Waters and Gilmour's compositions. He began to contribute less towards the end of the 1970s and left the band after touring The Wall in 1981. He rejoined the band as a session player in 1987 for A Momentary Lapse of Reason, and became a full-time member again for The Division Bell in 1994. Sessions with Wright during this period were later released on the album The Endless River. Away from Pink Floyd, Wright recorded two solo albums, including a collaboration with Anthony Moore on Broken China, and briefly formed the duo Zee. After rejoining Waters, Mason and Gilmour as Pink Floyd for Live 8 in 2005, he became part of Gilmour's regular solo touring band, singing occasional lead on songs such as "Arnold Layne", before his death in September 2008.
Overshadowed by bandmates Barrett, Waters and Gilmour, Wright was the quietest and most reserved member of Pink Floyd. His contributions have sometimes been overlooked, but his death brought a reappraisal and recognition of his talents. His jazz and improvisation influences and keyboard performances were an important part of the Pink Floyd sound. As well as being a prominent player of the Farfisa and Hammond organs and the Kurzweil synthesizer, Wright sang regularly in the band and occasionally took the lead vocal on Pink Floyd songs such as "Time", "Remember a Day" and "Wearing the Inside Out".

Joseph John Thomson

Sir Joseph John Thomson  (18 December 1856 – 30 August 1940) was an English physicist and Nobel Laureate in Physics, credited with the discovery and identification of the electron, the first subatomic particle to be discovered.
In 1897, Thomson showed that cathode rays were composed of previously unknown negatively charged particles (now called electrons), which he calculated must have bodies much smaller than atoms and a very large charge-to-mass ratio. Thomson is also credited with finding the first evidence for isotopes of a stable (non-radioactive) element in 1913, as part of his exploration into the composition of canal rays (positive ions). His experiments to determine the nature of positively charged particles, with Francis William Aston, were the first use of mass spectrometry and led to the development of the mass spectrograph.Thomson was awarded the 1906 Nobel Prize in Physics for his work on the conduction of electricity in gases.

Rudolf Peierls

Sir Rudolf Ernst Peierls,  (; German: [ˈpaɪɐls]; 5 June 1907 – 19 September 1995) was a Jewish German-born British physicist who played a major role in the Manhattan Project and Tube Alloys, Britain's nuclear programme. His obituary in Physics Today described him as "a major player in the drama of the eruption of nuclear physics into world affairs".Peierls studied physics at the University of Berlin, at the University of Munich under Arnold Sommerfeld, the University of Leipzig under Werner Heisenberg, and ETH Zurich under Wolfgang Pauli. After receiving his DPhil from Leipzig in 1929, he became an assistant to Pauli in Zurich. In 1932, he was awarded a Rockefeller Fellowship, which he used to study in Rome under Enrico Fermi,  and then at the Cavendish Laboratory at the University of Cambridge under Ralph H. Fowler. Due to Adolf Hitler's rise to power in Germany, he elected to not return home in 1933, but to remain in Britain, where he worked with Hans Bethe at the University of Manchester, then at the Mond Laboratory at Cambridge. In 1937, Mark Oliphant, the newly-appointed Australian professor of physics at the University of Birmingham recruited him for a new chair there in applied mathematics.
In March 1940, Peierls co-authored the Frisch–Peierls memorandum with Otto Robert Frisch. This short paper was the first to set out that one could construct an atomic bomb from a small amount of fissile uranium-235.  Until then it had been assumed that such a bomb would require many tons of uranium, and consequently was impractical to build and use. The paper was pivotal in igniting the interest of first the British and later the American authorities in nuclear  weapons. He was also responsible for the recruitment of his compatriot Klaus Fuchs to work on Tube Alloys, as the British nuclear weapons project was called, which resulted in Peierls falling under suspicion when Fuchs was exposed as a spy for the Soviet Union in 1950.
After the war, Peierls returned to the University of Birmingham, where he worked until 1963, and then was the Wykeham Professor of Physics at the University of Oxford until he retired in 1974. At Birmingham he worked on nuclear forces, scattering, quantum field theories, collective motion in nuclei, transport theory and statistical mechanics, and was a consultant to the Atomic Energy Research Establishment at Harwell. He received many awards, including a  knighthood in 1968, and wrote several books including Quantum Theory of Solids, The Laws of Nature (1955), Surprises in Theoretical Physics (1979), More Surprises in Theoretical Physics (1991)  and an autobiography, Bird of Passage (1985). Concerned with the nuclear weapons he had helped to unleash, he worked on the Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, was President of the Atomic Scientists' Association in the UK, and was involved in the Pugwash movement.

List of famous people who died in England, with photos when available. These notable England deaths are loosely ordered by how famous each person was, meaning ...